Avalanche Photodiode: Structure to Uses

Introduction In 1952, Jun-ichi Nishizawa designed a new type of diode that could handle weak light by using the photoelectric effect. This component, known today as the APD, helped move electrical systems forward, especially in early fiber-optic communication. His work with semiconductor diodes created a strong base for many modern applications. The APD uses a

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Complete Guide to Air Circuit Breakers (ACB)

Introduction When working with electric systems in large industries, I’ve often seen how vital circuit breakers are in ensuring safety. Whether operated manually or remotely, their function is to break the circuit under abnormal conditions like overcurrent or short circuit faults. One key type I’ve worked with is the air circuit breaker, commonly used for

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How to Properly Wire an Electrical Breaker Panel

How to Properly Wire an Electrical Breaker Panel for Safety and Efficiency

The installation of the Electrical Breaker Panel wiring is no doubt complex, but not safe at the same time. Its major purpose is to distribute the electricity throughout the building, whether it is residential, commercial, or industrial. Well, the need for the installation can be due to a new circuit breaker or routine maintenance. So,

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Unlocking the Power of Ultrasonic Motors

Introduction My first encounter with USM was during a lab session where I tested ultrasonic motors that didn’t rely on electromagnetic fields, unlike conventional ones. These motors are utilized in a completely different way—they depend on the piezoelectric effect and produce vibrations at ultrasonic frequencies, specifically from 20 kHz to 10 MHz, which humans can’t

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Efficient Signal Control with Adaptive Delta Modulation

Introduction From my experience working in digital communication, I’ve seen how Adaptive Delta Modulation has become essential due to the growing demand for efficient analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion. This technique improves traditional Delta modulation by changing the step size according to how the signal varies. It works especially well for low-frequency baseband signals, allowing them

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Understanding Brushless vs Brushed Motors

Introduction In my early projects working with DC motors, I had to choose between brushless and brushed types depending on application needs. I noticed that brushless motors, also called BLDC, use electronic control instead of mechanical commutation, making them ideal where precise position and speed are needed. Brushed motors, with their brushes and coils, are

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